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Fossil mammals are the preserved remains or traces of ancient mammalian species, including ancient relatives of modern bison and camels. Mammals first appeared during the Mesozoic Era, around 225 million years ago, and have since diversified into a wide range of forms. Fossil mammals provide crucial evidence for understanding mammalian evolution, including the development of key features such as hair, mammary glands, and specialized teeth. They also offer insights into ancient mammalian behavior, ecology, and adaptations to various environments. Fossil mammals range from tiny, mouse-sized creatures to giant, elephant-like species. Some, like the mammoths and saber-toothed cats, are well-known from the fossil record. Studying fossil mammals helps scientists reconstruct past ecosystems and understand the impact of environmental changes on mammalian evolution over millions of years.